cgspace-notes/content/posts/2021-06.md

---
title: "June, 2021"
date: 2021-06-01T10:51:07+03:00
author: "Alan Orth"
categories: ["Notes"]
---

## 2021-06-01

- IWMI notified me that AReS was down with an HTTP 502 error
  - Looking at UptimeRobot I see it has been down for 33 hours, but I never got a notification
  - I don't see anything in the Elasticsearch container logs, or the systemd journal on the host, but I notice that the `angular_nginx` container isn't running
  - I simply started it and AReS was running again:

<!--more-->

```console
$ docker-compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml start angular_nginx
```

- Margarita from CCAFS emailed me to say that workflow alerts haven't been working lately
  - I guess this is related to the SMTP issues last week
  - I had fixed the config, but didn't restart Tomcat so DSpace didn't load the new variables
  - I ran all system updates on CGSpace (linode18) and DSpace Test (linode26) and rebooted the servers

## 2021-06-03

- Meeting with AMCOW and IWMI to discuss AMCOW getting IWMI's content into the new AMCOW Knowledge Hub
  - At first we spent some time talking about DSpace communities/collections and the REST API, but then they said they actually prefer to send queries to sites on the fly and cache them in Redis for some time
  - That's when I thought they could perhaps use the OpenSearch, but I can't remember if it's possible to limit by community, or only collection...
  - Looking now, I see there is a "scope" parameter that can be used for community or collection, for example:

```
https://cgspace.cgiar.org/open-search/discover?query=subject:water%20scarcity&scope=10568/16814&order=DESC&rpp=100&sort_by=2&start=1
```

- That will sort by date issued (see: `webui.itemlist.sort-option.2` in dspace.cfg), give 100 results per page, and start on item 1
- Otherwise, another alternative would be to use the IWMI CSV that we are already exporting every week
- Fill out the *CGIAR-AGROVOC Task Group: Survey on the current CGIAR use of AGROVOC* survey on behalf of CGSpace

## 2021-06-06

- The Elasticsearch indexes are messed up so I dumped and re-created them correctly:

```console
curl -XDELETE 'http://localhost:9200/openrxv-items-final'
curl -XDELETE 'http://localhost:9200/openrxv-items-temp'
curl -XPUT 'http://localhost:9200/openrxv-items-final'
curl -XPUT 'http://localhost:9200/openrxv-items-temp'
curl -s -X POST 'http://localhost:9200/_aliases' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'{"actions" : [{"add" : { "index" : "openrxv-items-final", "alias" : "openrxv-items"}}]}'
elasticdump --input=/home/aorth/openrxv-items_mapping.json --output=http://localhost:9200/openrxv-items-final --type=mapping
elasticdump --input=/home/aorth/openrxv-items_data.json --output=http://localhost:9200/openrxv-items-final --type=data --limit=1000
```

- Then I started a harvesting on AReS

## 2021-06-07

- The harvesting on AReS completed successfully
- Provide feedback to FAO on how we use AGROVOC for their "AGROVOC call for use cases"

## 2021-06-10

- Skype with Moayad to discuss AReS harvesting improvements
  - He will work on a plugin that reads the XML sitemap to get all item IDs and checks whether we have them or not

## 2021-06-14

- Dump and re-create indexes on AReS (as above) so I can do a harvest

## 2021-06-16

- Looking at the Solr statistics on CGSpace for last month I see many requests from hosts using seemingly normal Windows browser user agents, but using the MSN bot's DNS
  - For example, user agent `Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/5.0;  Trident/5.0)` with DNS `msnbot-131-253-25-91.search.msn.com.`
  - I queried Solr for all hits using the MSN bot DNS (`dns:*msnbot* AND dns:*.msn.com.`) and found 457,706
  - I extracted their IPs using Solr's CSV format and ran them through my `resolve-addresses.py` script and found that they all belong to MICROSOFT-CORP-MSN-AS-BLOCK (AS8075)
  - Note that [Microsoft's docs say that reverse lookups on Bingbot IPs will always have "search.msn.com"](https://www.bing.com/webmasters/help/how-to-verify-bingbot-3905dc26) so it is safe to purge these as non-human traffic
  - I purged the hits with `ilri/check-spider-ip-hits.sh` (though I had to do it in 3 batches because I forgot to increase the `facet.limit` so I was only getting them 100 at a time)
- Moayad sent a pull request a few days ago to re-work the harvesting on OpenRXV
  - It will hopefully also fix the duplicate and missing items issues
  - I had a Skype with him to discuss
  - I got it running on podman-compose, but I had to fix the storage permissions on the Elasticsearch volume after the first time it tries (and fails) to run:

```console
$ podman unshare chown 1000:1000 /home/aorth/.local/share/containers/storage/volumes/docker_esData_7/_data
```

- The new OpenRXV harvesting method by Moayad uses pages of 10 items instead of 100 and it's much faster
  - I harvested 90,000+ items from DSpace Test in ~3 hours
  - There seem to be some issues with the health check step though, as I see it is requesting one restricted item 600,000+ times...

## 2021-06-17

- I ported my ilri/resolve-addresses.py script that uses IPAPI.co to use the local GeoIP2 databases
  - The new script is ilri/resolve-addresses-geoip2.py and it is much faster and works offline with no API rate limits
- Teams meeting with the CGIAR Metadata Working group to discuss CGSpace and open repositories and the way forward
- More work with Moayad on OpenRXV harvesting issues
  - Using a JSON export from elasticdump we debugged the duplicate checker plugin and found that there are indeed duplicates:

```console
$ grep -oE '"handle":"[[:digit:]]+/[[:digit:]]+"' openrxv-items_data.json | awk -F: '{print $2}' | wc -l
90459
$ grep -oE '"handle":"[[:digit:]]+/[[:digit:]]+"' openrxv-items_data.json | awk -F: '{print $2}' | sort | uniq | wc -l
90380
$ grep -oE '"handle":"[[:digit:]]+/[[:digit:]]+"' openrxv-items_data.json | awk -F: '{print $2}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -h
...
      2 "10568/99409"
      2 "10568/99410"
      2 "10568/99411"
      2 "10568/99516"
      3 "10568/102093"
      3 "10568/103524"
      3 "10568/106664"
      3 "10568/106940"
      3 "10568/107195"
      3 "10568/96546"
```

## 2021-06-20

- Udana asked me to update their IWMI subjects from `farmer managed irrigation systems` to `farmer-led irrigation`
  - First I extracted the IWMI community from CGSpace:

```console
$ dspace metadata-export -i 10568/16814 -f /tmp/2021-06-20-IWMI.csv
```

- Then I used `csvcut` to extract just the columns I needed and do the replacement into a new CSV:

```console
$ csvcut -c 'id,dcterms.subject[],dcterms.subject[en_US]' /tmp/2021-06-20-IWMI.csv | sed 's/farmer managed irrigation systems/farmer-led irrigation/' > /tmp/2021-06-20-IWMI-new-subjects.csv
```

- Then I uploaded the resulting CSV to CGSpace, updating 161 items
- Start a harvest on AReS
- I found [a bug](https://jira.lyrasis.org/browse/DS-1977) and [a patch](https://github.com/DSpace/DSpace/pull/2584) for the private items showing up in the DSpace sitemap bug
  - The fix is super simple, I should try to apply it

## 2021-06-21

- The AReS harvesting finished, but the indexes got messed up again
- I was looking at the JSON export I made yesterday and trying to understand the situation with duplicates
  - We have 90,000+ items, but only 85,000 unique:

```console
$ grep -E '"repo":"CGSpace"' openrxv-items_data.json | grep -oE '"handle":"[[:digit:]]+/[[:alnum:]]+"' | wc -l
90937
$ grep -E '"repo":"CGSpace"' openrxv-items_data.json | grep -oE '"handle":"[[:digit:]]+/[[:alnum:]]+"' | sort -u | wc -l
85709
```

- So those could be duplicates from the way we harvest pages, but they could also be from mappings...
  - Manually inspecting the duplicates where handles appear more than once:

```console
$ grep -E '"repo":"CGSpace"' openrxv-items_data.json | grep -oE '"handle":"[[:digit:]]+/[[:alnum:]]+"' | sort | uniq -c | sort -h
```

- Unfortunately I found no pattern:
  - Some appear twice in the Elasticsearch index, but appear in only one collection
  - Some appear twice in the Elasticsearch index, and appear in *two* collections
  - Some appear twice in the Elasticsearch index, but appear in three collections (!)
- So really we need to just check whether a handle exists before we insert it
- I tested the [pull request for DS-1977](https://github.com/DSpace/DSpace/pull/2584) that adjusts the sitemap generation code to exclude private items
  - It applies cleanly and seems to work, but we don't actually have any private items
  - The issue we are having with AReS hitting restricted items in the sitemap is that the items have restricted metadata, not that they are private
- Testing the [pull request for DS-4065](https://github.com/DSpace/DSpace/pull/2275) where the REST API's `/rest/items` endpoint is not aware of private items and returns an incorrect number of items
  - This is most easily seen by setting a low limit in `/rest/items`, making one of the items private, and requesting items again with the same limit
  - I confirmed the issue on the current DSpace 6 Demo:

```console
$ curl -s -H "Accept: application/json" "https://demo.dspace.org/rest/items?offset=0&limit=5" | jq length
5
$ curl -s -H "Accept: application/json" "https://demo.dspace.org/rest/items?offset=0&limit=5" | jq '.[].handle'
"10673/4"
"10673/3"
"10673/6"
"10673/5"
"10673/7"
# log into DSpace Demo XMLUI as admin and make one item private (for example 10673/6)
$ curl -s -H "Accept: application/json" "https://demo.dspace.org/rest/items?offset=0&limit=5" | jq length       
4
$ curl -s -H "Accept: application/json" "https://demo.dspace.org/rest/items?offset=0&limit=5" | jq '.[].handle' 
"10673/4"
"10673/3"
"10673/5"
"10673/7"
```

- I tested the pull request on DSpace Test and it works, so I left a note on GitHub and Jira
- Last week I noticed that the Gender Platform website is using "cgspace.cgiar.org" links for CGSpace, instead of handles
  - I emailed Fabio and Marianne to ask them to please use the Handle links
- I tested the [pull request for DS-4271](https://github.com/DSpace/DSpace/pull/2543) where Discovery filters of type "contains" don't work as expected when the user's search term has spaces
  - I tested with filter "farmer managed irrigation systems" on DSpace Test
  - Before the patch I got 293 results, and the few I checked didn't have the expected metadata value
  - After the patch I got 162 results, and all the items I checked had the exact metadata value I was expecting
- I tested a fresh harvest from my local AReS on DSpace Test with the DS-4065 REST API patch and here are my results:
  - 90459 in final from last harvesting
  - 90307 in temp after new harvest
  - 90327 in temp after start plugins
- The 90327 number seems closer to the "real" number of items on CGSpace...
  - Seems close, but not entirely correct yet:

```console
$ grep -oE '"handle":"[[:digit:]]+/[[:digit:]]+"' openrxv-items_data-local-ds-4065.json | wc -l
90327
$ grep -oE '"handle":"[[:digit:]]+/[[:digit:]]+"' openrxv-items_data-local-ds-4065.json | sort -u | wc -l
90317
```

## 2021-06-22

- Make a [pull request](https://github.com/atmire/COUNTER-Robots/pull/43) to the COUNTER-Robots project to add two new user agents: crusty and newspaper
  - These two bots have made ~3,000 requests on CGSpace
  - Then I added them to our local bot override in CGSpace (until the above pull request is merged) and ran my bot checking script:

```console
$ ./ilri/check-spider-hits.sh -f dspace/config/spiders/agents/ilri -p   
Purging 1339 hits from RI\/1\.0 in statistics
Purging 447 hits from crusty in statistics
Purging 3736 hits from newspaper in statistics

Total number of bot hits purged: 5522
```

- Surprised to see RI/1.0 in there because it's been in the override file for a while
- Looking at the 2021 statistics in Solr I see a few more suspicious user agents:
  - `PostmanRuntime/7.26.8`
  - `node-fetch/1.0 (+https://github.com/bitinn/node-fetch)`
  - `Photon/1.0`
  - `StatusCake_Pagespeed_indev`
  - `node-superagent/3.8.3`
  - `cortex/1.0`
- These bots account for ~42,000 hits in our statistics... I will just purge them and add them to our local override, but I can't be bothered to submit them to COUNTER-Robots since I'd have to look up the information for each one
- I re-synced DSpace Test (linode26) with the assetstore, Solr statistics, and database from CGSpace (linode18)

## 2021-06-23

- I woke up this morning to find CGSpace down
  - The logs show a high number of abandoned PostgreSQL connections and locks:

```console
# journalctl --since=today -u tomcat7 | grep -c 'Connection has been abandoned'
978
$ psql -c 'SELECT * FROM pg_locks pl LEFT JOIN pg_stat_activity psa ON pl.pid = psa.pid;' | wc -l
10100
```

- I sent a message to Atmire, hoping that the database logging stuff they put in place last time this happened will be of help now
- In the mean time, I decided to upgrade Tomcat from 7.0.107 to 7.0.109, and the PostgreSQL JDBC driver from 42.2.20 to 42.2.22 (first on DSpace Test)
- I also applied the following patches from the 6.4 milestone to our `6_x-prod` branch:
  - DS-4065: resource policy aware REST API hibernate queries
  - DS-4271: Replaced brackets with double quotes in SolrServiceImpl
- After upgrading and restarting Tomcat the database connections and locks were back down to normal levels:

```console
$ psql -c 'SELECT * FROM pg_locks pl LEFT JOIN pg_stat_activity psa ON pl.pid = psa.pid;' | wc -l
63
```

- Looking in the DSpace log, the first "pool empty" message I saw this morning was at 4AM:

```console
2021-06-23 04:01:14,596 ERROR org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper @ [http-bio-127.0.0.1-8443-exec-4323] Timeout: Pool empty. Unable to fetch a connection in 5 seconds, none available[size:250; busy:250; idle:0; lastwait:5000].
```

- Oh, and I notice 8,000 hits from a Flipboard bot using this user-agent:

```console
Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.11; rv:49.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/49.0 (FlipboardProxy/1.2; +http://flipboard.com/browserproxy)
```

- We can purge them, as this is not user traffic: https://about.flipboard.com/browserproxy/
  - I will add it to our local user agent pattern file and eventually submit a pull request to COUNTER-Robots
- I merged [Moayad's health check pull request in AReS](https://github.com/ilri/OpenRXV/pull/96) and I will deploy it on the production server soon

## 2021-06-24

- I deployed the new OpenRXV code on CGSpace but I'm having problems with the indexing, something about missing the mappings on the `openrxv-items-temp` index
  - I extracted the mappings from my local instance using `elasticdump` and after putting them on CGSpace I was able to harvest...
  - But still, there are way too many duplicates and I'm not sure what the actual number of items should be
  - According to the OAI ListRecords for each of our repositories, we should have about:
    - MELSpace: 9537
    - WorldFish: 4483
    - CGSpace: 91305
    - Total: 105325
  - Looking at the last backup I have from harvesting before these changes we have 104,000 total handles, but only 99186 unique:

```console
$ grep -oE '"handle":"([[:digit:]]|\.)+/[[:digit:]]+"' cgspace-openrxv-items-temp-backup.json | wc -l
104797
$ grep -oE '"handle":"([[:digit:]]|\.)+/[[:digit:]]+"' cgspace-openrxv-items-temp-backup.json | sort | uniq | wc -l
99186
```

- This number is probably unique for that particular harvest, but I don't think it represents the true number of items...
- The harvest of DSpace Test I did on my local test instance yesterday has about 91,000 items:

```console
$ grep -E '"repo":"DSpace Test"' 2021-06-23-openrxv-items-final-local.json | grep -oE '"handle":"([[:digit:]]|\.)+/[[:digit:]]+"' | sort | uniq | wc -l
90990
```

- So the harvest on the live site is missing items, then why didn't the add missing items plugin find them?!
  - I notice that we are missing the `type` in the metadata structure config for each repository on the production site, and we are using `type` for item type in the actual schema... so maybe there is a conflict there
  - I will rename type to `item_type` and add it back to the metadata structure
  - The add missing items definitely checks this field...
  - I modified my local backup to add `type: item` and uploaded it to the temp index on production
  - Oh! nginx is blocking OpenRXV's attempt to read the sitemap:

```console
172.104.229.92 - - [24/Jun/2021:07:52:58 +0200] "GET /sitemap HTTP/1.1" 503 190 "-" "OpenRXV harvesting bot; https://github.com/ilri/OpenRXV"
```

- I fixed nginx so it always allows people to get the sitemap and then re-ran the plugins... now it's checking 180,000+ handles to see if they are collections or items...
  - I see it fetched the sitemap three times, we need to make sure it's only doing it once for each repository
- According to the api logs we will be adding 5,697 items:

```console
$ docker logs api 2>/dev/null | grep dspace_add_missing_items | sort | uniq | wc -l
5697
```

- Spent a few hours with Moayad troubleshooting and improving OpenRXV
  - We found a bug in the harvesting code that can occur when you are harvesting DSpace 5 and DSpace 6 instances, as DSpace 5 uses numeric (long) IDs, and DSpace 6 uses UUIDs

## 2021-06-25

- The new OpenRXV code creates almost 200,000 jobs when the plugins start
  - I figured out how to use [bee-queue/arena](https://github.com/bee-queue/arena/tree/master/example) to view our Bull job queue
  - Also, we can see the jobs directly using redis-cli:

```console
$ redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> SCAN 0 COUNT 5
1) "49152"
2) 1) "bull:plugins:476595"
   2) "bull:plugins:367382"
   3) "bull:plugins:369228"
   4) "bull:plugins:438986"
   5) "bull:plugins:366215"
```

- We can apparently get the names of the jobs in each hash using `hget`:

```console
127.0.0.1:6379> TYPE bull:plugins:401827
hash
127.0.0.1:6379> HGET bull:plugins:401827 name
"dspace_add_missing_items"
```

- I whipped up a one liner to get the keys for all plugin jobs, convert to redis `HGET` commands to extract the value of the name field, and then sort them by their counts:

```console
$ redis-cli KEYS "bull:plugins:*" \
  | sed -e 's/^bull/HGET bull/' -e 's/\([[:digit:]]\)$/\1 name/' \
  | ncat -w 3 localhost 6379 \
  | grep -v -E '^\$' | sort | uniq -c | sort -h
      3 dspace_health_check
      4 -ERR wrong number of arguments for 'hget' command
     12 mel_downloads_and_views
    129 dspace_altmetrics
    932 dspace_downloads_and_views
 186428 dspace_add_missing_items
```

- Note that this uses `ncat` to send commands directly to redis all at once instead of one at a time (`netcat` didn't work here, as it doesn't know when our input is finished and never quits)
  - I thought of using `redis-cli --pipe` but then you have to construct the commands in the redis protocol format with the number of args and length of each command
- There is clearly something wrong with the new DSpace health check plugin, as it creates WAY too many jobs every time we run the plugins

## 2021-06-27

- Looking into the spike in PostgreSQL connections last week
  - I see the same things that I always see (large number of connections waiting for lock, large number of threads, high CPU usage, etc), but I also see almost 10,000 DSpace sessions on 2021-06-25

![DSpace sessions](/cgspace-notes/2021/06/dspace-sessions-week.png)

- Looking at the DSpace log I see there was definitely a higher number of sessions that day, perhaps twice the normal:

```console
$ for file in dspace.log.2021-06-[12]*; do echo "$file"; grep -oE 'session_id=[A-Z0-9]{32}' "$file" | sort | uniq | wc -l; done
dspace.log.2021-06-10
19072
dspace.log.2021-06-11
19224
dspace.log.2021-06-12
19215
dspace.log.2021-06-13
16721
dspace.log.2021-06-14
17880
dspace.log.2021-06-15
12103
dspace.log.2021-06-16
4651
dspace.log.2021-06-17
22785
dspace.log.2021-06-18
21406
dspace.log.2021-06-19
25967
dspace.log.2021-06-20
20850
dspace.log.2021-06-21
6388
dspace.log.2021-06-22
5945
dspace.log.2021-06-23
46371
dspace.log.2021-06-24
9024
dspace.log.2021-06-25
12521
dspace.log.2021-06-26
16163
dspace.log.2021-06-27
5886
```

- I see 15,000 unique IPs in the XMLUI logs alone on that day:

```console
# zcat /var/log/nginx/access.log.5.gz /var/log/nginx/access.log.4.gz | grep '23/Jun/2021' | awk '{print $1}' | sort | uniq | wc -l
15835
```

- Annoyingly I found 37,000 more hits from Bing using `dns:*msnbot* AND dns:*.msn.com.` as a Solr filter
  - WTF, they are using a normal user agent: `Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko`
  - I will purge the IPs and add this user agent to the nginx config so that we can rate limit it
- I signed up for Bing Webmaster Tools and verified cgspace.cgiar.org with the BingSiteAuth.xml file
  - Also I adjusted the nginx config to explicitly allow access to `robots.txt` even when bots are rate limited
  - Also I found that Bing was auto discovering all our RSS and Atom feeds as "sitemaps" so I deleted 750 of them and submitted the real sitemap
  - I need to see if I can adjust the nginx config further to map the `bot` user agent to DNS like msnbot...
- Review Abdullah's filter on click pull request
  - I rebased his code on the latest master branch and tested adding filter on click to the map and list components, and it works fine
  - There seems to be a bug that breaks scrolling on the page though...
  - Abdullah fixed the bug in the filter on click branch

## 2021-06-28

- Some work on OpenRXV
  - Integrate `prettier` into the frontend and backend and format everything on the `master` branch
  - Re-work the GitHub Actions workflow for frontend and add one for backend
  - The workflows run `npm install` to test dependencies, and `npm ci` with `prettier` to check formatting
  - Also I merged Abdallah's filter on click pull request

## 2021-06-30

- CGSpace is showing a blank white page...
  - The status is HTTP 200, but it's blank white... so UptimeRobot didn't send a notification!
- The DSpace log shows:

```console
2021-06-30 08:19:15,874 ERROR org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper @ Cannot get a connection, pool error Timeout waiting for idle object
```

- The first one of these I see is from last night at 2021-06-29 at 10:47 PM
- I restarted Tomcat 7 and CGSpace came back up...
- I didn't see that Atmire had responded last week (on 2021-06-23) about the issues we had
  - He said they had to do the same thing that they did last time: switch to the postgres user and kill all activity
  - He said they found tons of connections to the REST API, like 3-4 per second, and asked if that was normal
  - I pointed him to our Tomcat server.xml configuration, saying that we purposefully isolated the Tomcat connection pools between the API and XMLUI for this purpose...
- Export a list of all CGSpace's AGROVOC keywords with counts for Enrico and Elizabeth Arnaud to discuss with AGROVOC:

```console
localhost/dspace63= > \COPY (SELECT DISTINCT text_value AS "dcterms.subject", count(*) FROM metadatavalue WHERE dspace_object_id in (SELECT dspace_object_id FROM item) AND metadata_field_id = 187 GROUP BY "dcterms.subject" ORDER BY count DESC) to /tmp/2021-06-30-agrovoc.csv WITH CSV HEADER;
COPY 20780
```

- Actually Enrico wanted NON AGROVOC, so I extracted all the center and CRP subjects (ignoring system office and themes):

```console
localhost/dspace63= > \COPY (SELECT DISTINCT LOWER(text_value) AS subject, count(*) FROM metadatavalue WHERE dspace_object_id in (SELECT dspace_object_id FROM item) AND metadata_field_id IN (119, 120, 127, 122, 128, 125, 135, 203, 208, 210, 215, 123, 236, 242) GROUP BY subject ORDER BY count DESC) to /tmp/2021-06-30-non-agrovoc.csv WITH CSV HEADER;
COPY 1710
```

- Fix an issue in the Ansible infrastructure playbooks for the DSpace role
  - It was causing the template module to fail when setting up the npm environment
  - We needed to install `acl` so that Ansible can use `setfacl` on the target file before becoming an unprivileged user
- I saw a strange message in the Tomcat 7 journal on DSpace Test (linode26):

```console
Jun 30 16:00:09 linode26 tomcat7[30294]: WARNING: Creation of SecureRandom instance for session ID generation using [SHA1PRNG] took [111,733] milliseconds.
```

- What's even crazier is that it is twice that on CGSpace (linode18)!
- Apparently OpenJDK defaults to using `/dev/random` (see `/etc/java-8-openjdk/security/java.security`):

```console
securerandom.source=file:/dev/urandom
```

- `/dev/random` blocks and can take a long time to get entropy, and urandom on modern Linux is a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator
  - Now Tomcat starts much faster and no warning is printed so I'm going to add this to our Ansible infrastructure playbooks
- Interesting resource about the lore behind the `/dev/./urandom` workaround that is posted all over the Internet, apparently due to a bug in early JVMs: https://bugs.java.com/bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=6202721
- I'm experimenting with using PgBouncer for pooling instead of Tomcat's JDBC

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