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content/post/2017-11.md
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@ -120,3 +120,153 @@ dspace=# select distinct text_value, authority, confidence from metadatavalue va
- Looking at monitoring Tomcat's JVM heap with Prometheus, it looks like we need to use JMX + [jmx_exporter](https://github.com/prometheus/jmx_exporter)
- This guide shows how to [enable JMX in Tomcat](https://geekflare.com/enable-jmx-tomcat-to-monitor-administer/) by modifying `CATALINA_OPTS`
- I was able to successfully connect to my local Tomcat with jconsole!
## 2017-11-07
- CGSpace when down and up a few times this morning, first around 3AM, then around 7
- Tsega had to restart Tomcat 7 to fix it temporarily
- I will start by looking at bot usage (access.log.1 includes usage until 6AM today):
```
# cat /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | awk '{print $1}' | sort -n | uniq -c | sort -h | tail
619 65.49.68.184
840 65.49.68.199
924 66.249.66.91
1131 68.180.229.254
1583 66.249.66.90
1953 207.46.13.103
1999 207.46.13.80
2021 157.55.39.161
2034 207.46.13.36
4681 104.196.152.243
```
- 104.196.152.243 seems to be a top scraper for a few weeks now:
```
# zgrep -c 104.196.152.243 /var/log/nginx/access.log*
/var/log/nginx/access.log:336
/var/log/nginx/access.log.1:4681
/var/log/nginx/access.log.2.gz:3531
/var/log/nginx/access.log.3.gz:3532
/var/log/nginx/access.log.4.gz:5786
/var/log/nginx/access.log.5.gz:8542
/var/log/nginx/access.log.6.gz:6988
/var/log/nginx/access.log.7.gz:7517
/var/log/nginx/access.log.8.gz:7211
/var/log/nginx/access.log.9.gz:2763
```
- This user is responsible for hundreds and sometimes thousands of Tomcat sessions:
```
$ grep 104.196.152.243 dspace.log.2017-11-07 | grep -o -E 'session_id=[A-Z0-9]{32}' | sort -n | uniq | wc -l
954
$ grep 104.196.152.243 dspace.log.2017-11-03 | grep -o -E 'session_id=[A-Z0-9]{32}' | sort -n | uniq | wc -l
6199
$ grep 104.196.152.243 dspace.log.2017-11-01 | grep -o -E 'session_id=[A-Z0-9]{32}' | sort -n | uniq | wc -l
7051
```
- The worst thing is that this user never specifies a user agent string so we can't lump it in with the other bots using the Tomcat Session Crawler Manager Valve
- They don't request dynamic URLs like "/discover" but they seem to be fetching handles from XMLUI instead of REST (and some with `//handle`, note the regex below):
```
# grep -c 104.196.152.243 /var/log/nginx/access.log.1
4681
# grep 104.196.152.243 /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | grep -c -P 'GET //?handle'
4618
```
- I just realized that `ciat.cgiar.org` points to 104.196.152.243, so I should contact Leroy from CIAT to see if we can change their scraping behavior
- The next IP (207.46.13.36) seem to be Microsoft's bingbot, but all its requests specify the "bingbot" user agent and there are no requests for dynamic URLs that are forbidden, like "/discover":
```
$ grep -c 207.46.13.36 /var/log/nginx/access.log.1
2034
# grep 207.46.13.36 /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | grep -c "GET /discover"
0
```
- The next IP (157.55.39.161) also seems to be bingbot, and none of its requests are for URLs forbidden by robots.txt either:
```
# grep 157.55.39.161 /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | grep -c "GET /discover"
0
```
- The next few seem to be bingbot as well, and they declare a proper user agent and do not request dynamic URLs like "/discover":
```
# grep -c -E '207.46.13.[0-9]{2,3}' /var/log/nginx/access.log.1
5997
# grep -E '207.46.13.[0-9]{2,3}' /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | grep -c "bingbot"
5988
# grep -E '207.46.13.[0-9]{2,3}' /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | grep -c "GET /discover"
0
```
- The next few seem to be Googlebot, and they declare a proper user agent and do not request dynamic URLs like "/discover":
```
# grep -c -E '66.249.66.[0-9]{2,3}' /var/log/nginx/access.log.1
3048
# grep -E '66.249.66.[0-9]{2,3}' /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | grep -c Google
3048
# grep -E '66.249.66.[0-9]{2,3}' /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | grep -c "GET /discover"
0
```
- The next seems to be Yahoo, which declares a proper user agent and does not request dynamic URLs like "/discover":
```
# grep -c 68.180.229.254 /var/log/nginx/access.log.1
1131
# grep 68.180.229.254 /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | grep -c "GET /discover"
0
```
- The last of the top ten IPs seems to be some bot with a weird user agent, but they are not behaving too well:
```
# grep -c -E '65.49.68.[0-9]{3}' /var/log/nginx/access.log.1
2950
# grep -E '65.49.68.[0-9]{3}' /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | grep -c "GET /discover"
330
```
- Their user agents vary, ie:
- `Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/61.0.3163.100 Safari/537.36`
- `Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.97 Safari/537.11`
- `Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)`
- I'll just keep an eye on that one for now, as it only made a few hundred requests to dynamic discovery URLs
- While it's not in the top ten, Baidu is one bot that seems to not give a fuck:
```
# grep -c Baiduspider /var/log/nginx/access.log.1
8068
# grep Baiduspider /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | grep -c -E "GET /(browse|discover)"
1431
```
- According to their documentation their bot [respects `robots.txt`](http://www.baidu.com/search/robots_english.html), but I don't see this being the case
- I think I will end up blocking Baidu as well...
- Next is for me to look and see what was happening specifically at 3AM and 7AM when the server crashed
- I should look in nginx access.log, rest.log, oai.log, and DSpace's dspace.log.2017-11-07
- Here are the top IPs during 2–10 AM:
```
# cat /var/log/nginx/access.log /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | grep -E '07/Nov/2017:0[2-8]' | awk '{print $1}' | sort -n | uniq -c | sort -h | tail
279 66.249.66.91
373 65.49.68.199
446 68.180.229.254
470 104.196.152.243
470 197.210.168.174
598 207.46.13.103
603 157.55.39.161
637 207.46.13.80
703 207.46.13.36
724 66.249.66.90
```
- Of those, most are Google, Bing, Yahoo, etc, except 63.143.42.244 and 63.143.42.242 which are Uptime Robot

173
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@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ COPY 54701
<meta property="article:published_time" content="2017-11-02T09:37:54&#43;02:00"/>
<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2017-11-05T15:06:22&#43;02:00"/>
<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2017-11-05T15:53:35&#43;02:00"/>
@ -86,9 +86,9 @@ COPY 54701
"@type": "BlogPosting",
"headline": "November, 2017",
"url": "https://alanorth.github.io/cgspace-notes/2017-11/",
"wordCount": "683",
"wordCount": "1445",
"datePublished": "2017-11-02T09:37:54&#43;02:00",
"dateModified": "2017-11-05T15:06:22&#43;02:00",
"dateModified": "2017-11-05T15:53:35&#43;02:00",
"author": {
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Alan Orth"
@ -286,6 +286,173 @@ COPY 54701
<li>I was able to successfully connect to my local Tomcat with jconsole!</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="2017-11-07">2017-11-07</h2>
<ul>
<li>CGSpace when down and up a few times this morning, first around 3AM, then around 7</li>
<li>Tsega had to restart Tomcat 7 to fix it temporarily</li>
<li>I will start by looking at bot usage (access.log.1 includes usage until 6AM today):</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># cat /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | awk '{print $1}' | sort -n | uniq -c | sort -h | tail
619 65.49.68.184
840 65.49.68.199
924 66.249.66.91
1131 68.180.229.254
1583 66.249.66.90
1953 207.46.13.103
1999 207.46.13.80
2021 157.55.39.161
2034 207.46.13.36
4681 104.196.152.243
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>104.196.152.243 seems to be a top scraper for a few weeks now:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># zgrep -c 104.196.152.243 /var/log/nginx/access.log*
/var/log/nginx/access.log:336
/var/log/nginx/access.log.1:4681
/var/log/nginx/access.log.2.gz:3531
/var/log/nginx/access.log.3.gz:3532
/var/log/nginx/access.log.4.gz:5786
/var/log/nginx/access.log.5.gz:8542
/var/log/nginx/access.log.6.gz:6988
/var/log/nginx/access.log.7.gz:7517
/var/log/nginx/access.log.8.gz:7211
/var/log/nginx/access.log.9.gz:2763
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>This user is responsible for hundreds and sometimes thousands of Tomcat sessions:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>$ grep 104.196.152.243 dspace.log.2017-11-07 | grep -o -E 'session_id=[A-Z0-9]{32}' | sort -n | uniq | wc -l
954
$ grep 104.196.152.243 dspace.log.2017-11-03 | grep -o -E 'session_id=[A-Z0-9]{32}' | sort -n | uniq | wc -l
6199
$ grep 104.196.152.243 dspace.log.2017-11-01 | grep -o -E 'session_id=[A-Z0-9]{32}' | sort -n | uniq | wc -l
7051
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>The worst thing is that this user never specifies a user agent string so we can&rsquo;t lump it in with the other bots using the Tomcat Session Crawler Manager Valve</li>
<li>They don&rsquo;t request dynamic URLs like &ldquo;/discover&rdquo; but they seem to be fetching handles from XMLUI instead of REST (and some with <code>//handle</code>, note the regex below):</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># grep -c 104.196.152.243 /var/log/nginx/access.log.1
4681
# grep 104.196.152.243 /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | grep -c -P 'GET //?handle'
4618
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>I just realized that <code>ciat.cgiar.org</code> points to 104.196.152.243, so I should contact Leroy from CIAT to see if we can change their scraping behavior</li>
<li>The next IP (207.46.13.36) seem to be Microsoft&rsquo;s bingbot, but all its requests specify the &ldquo;bingbot&rdquo; user agent and there are no requests for dynamic URLs that are forbidden, like &ldquo;/discover&rdquo;:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>$ grep -c 207.46.13.36 /var/log/nginx/access.log.1
2034
# grep 207.46.13.36 /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | grep -c &quot;GET /discover&quot;
0
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>The next IP (157.55.39.161) also seems to be bingbot, and none of its requests are for URLs forbidden by robots.txt either:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># grep 157.55.39.161 /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | grep -c &quot;GET /discover&quot;
0
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>The next few seem to be bingbot as well, and they declare a proper user agent and do not request dynamic URLs like &ldquo;/discover&rdquo;:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># grep -c -E '207.46.13.[0-9]{2,3}' /var/log/nginx/access.log.1
5997
# grep -E '207.46.13.[0-9]{2,3}' /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | grep -c &quot;bingbot&quot;
5988
# grep -E '207.46.13.[0-9]{2,3}' /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | grep -c &quot;GET /discover&quot;
0
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>The next few seem to be Googlebot, and they declare a proper user agent and do not request dynamic URLs like &ldquo;/discover&rdquo;:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># grep -c -E '66.249.66.[0-9]{2,3}' /var/log/nginx/access.log.1
3048
# grep -E '66.249.66.[0-9]{2,3}' /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | grep -c Google
3048
# grep -E '66.249.66.[0-9]{2,3}' /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | grep -c &quot;GET /discover&quot;
0
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>The next seems to be Yahoo, which declares a proper user agent and does not request dynamic URLs like &ldquo;/discover&rdquo;:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># grep -c 68.180.229.254 /var/log/nginx/access.log.1
1131
# grep 68.180.229.254 /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | grep -c &quot;GET /discover&quot;
0
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>The last of the top ten IPs seems to be some bot with a weird user agent, but they are not behaving too well:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># grep -c -E '65.49.68.[0-9]{3}' /var/log/nginx/access.log.1
2950
# grep -E '65.49.68.[0-9]{3}' /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | grep -c &quot;GET /discover&quot;
330
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>Their user agents vary, ie:
<ul>
<li><code>Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/61.0.3163.100 Safari/537.36</code></li>
<li><code>Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.97 Safari/537.11</code></li>
<li><code>Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)</code></li>
</ul></li>
<li>I&rsquo;ll just keep an eye on that one for now, as it only made a few hundred requests to dynamic discovery URLs</li>
<li>While it&rsquo;s not in the top ten, Baidu is one bot that seems to not give a fuck:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># grep -c Baiduspider /var/log/nginx/access.log.1
8068
# grep Baiduspider /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | grep -c -E &quot;GET /(browse|discover)&quot;
1431
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>According to their documentation their bot <a href="http://www.baidu.com/search/robots_english.html">respects <code>robots.txt</code></a>, but I don&rsquo;t see this being the case</li>
<li>I think I will end up blocking Baidu as well&hellip;</li>
<li>Next is for me to look and see what was happening specifically at 3AM and 7AM when the server crashed</li>
<li>I should look in nginx access.log, rest.log, oai.log, and DSpace&rsquo;s dspace.log.2017-11-07</li>
<li>Here are the top IPs during 2–10 AM:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># cat /var/log/nginx/access.log /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | grep -E '07/Nov/2017:0[2-8]' | awk '{print $1}' | sort -n | uniq -c | sort -h | tail
279 66.249.66.91
373 65.49.68.199
446 68.180.229.254
470 104.196.152.243
470 197.210.168.174
598 207.46.13.103
603 157.55.39.161
637 207.46.13.80
703 207.46.13.36
724 66.249.66.90
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>Of those, most are Google, Bing, Yahoo, etc, except 63.143.42.244 and 63.143.42.242 which are Uptime Robot</li>
</ul>

10
public/sitemap.xml
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
<url>
<loc>https://alanorth.github.io/cgspace-notes/2017-11/</loc>
<lastmod>2017-11-05T15:06:22+02:00</lastmod>
<lastmod>2017-11-05T15:53:35+02:00</lastmod>
</url>
<url>
@ -134,7 +134,7 @@
<url>
<loc>https://alanorth.github.io/cgspace-notes/</loc>
<lastmod>2017-11-05T15:06:22+02:00</lastmod>
<lastmod>2017-11-05T15:53:35+02:00</lastmod>
<priority>0</priority>
</url>
@ -145,7 +145,7 @@
<url>
<loc>https://alanorth.github.io/cgspace-notes/tags/notes/</loc>
<lastmod>2017-11-05T15:06:22+02:00</lastmod>
<lastmod>2017-11-05T15:53:35+02:00</lastmod>
<priority>0</priority>
</url>
@ -157,13 +157,13 @@
<url>
<loc>https://alanorth.github.io/cgspace-notes/post/</loc>
<lastmod>2017-11-05T15:06:22+02:00</lastmod>
<lastmod>2017-11-05T15:53:35+02:00</lastmod>
<priority>0</priority>
</url>
<url>
<loc>https://alanorth.github.io/cgspace-notes/tags/</loc>
<lastmod>2017-11-05T15:06:22+02:00</lastmod>
<lastmod>2017-11-05T15:53:35+02:00</lastmod>
<priority>0</priority>
</url>