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</figcaption>
</figure>
<p>The significance of Gadara&rsquo;s octagonal martyrium is the remarkable similarity of its plan to another prominent (although later) building less than 100 kilometers away in Jerusalem: the <a href="/2017/01/dome-of-the-rock/">Dome of the Rock</a>. Umayyad caliph <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Marwan">ʿAbd al-Malik</a> built the Dome of the Rock near the end of the seventh century and it is one of the first — and finest — Islamic monuments in existence. It has a central octagonal plan, a vaulted dome, and an altar featuring a rock (a stone-lined tomb in the case of Gadara<sup id="fnref:1"><a href="#fn:1" class="footnote-ref" role="doc-noteref">1</a></sup>), which suggests a commemorative purpose for the building.<sup id="fnref:4"><a href="#fn:4" class="footnote-ref" role="doc-noteref">4</a></sup> It is unclear what this building meant to people living in the seventh century, but there is no doubt that an architectural language that was extremely common in the Mediterranean basin in the Late Antique period influenced its construction.<sup id="fnref:3"><a href="#fn:3" class="footnote-ref" role="doc-noteref">3</a></sup></p>
<p>The significance of Gadara&rsquo;s octagonal martyrium is the remarkable similarity of its plan to another prominent (although later) building less than 100 kilometers away in Jerusalem: the <a href="/2017/01/dome-of-the-rock/">Dome of the Rock</a>. Umayyad caliph <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Marwan">ʿAbd al-Malik</a> built the Dome of the Rock near the end of the seventh century and it is one of the first — and finest — Islamic monuments in existence. It has a central octagonal plan, a vaulted dome, and an altar featuring a rock (a stone-lined tomb in the case of Gadara<sup id="fnref1:1"><a href="#fn:1" class="footnote-ref" role="doc-noteref">1</a></sup>), which suggests a commemorative purpose for the building.<sup id="fnref:4"><a href="#fn:4" class="footnote-ref" role="doc-noteref">4</a></sup> It is unclear what this building meant to people living in the seventh century, but there is no doubt that an architectural language that was extremely common in the Mediterranean basin in the Late Antique period influenced its construction.<sup id="fnref1:3"><a href="#fn:3" class="footnote-ref" role="doc-noteref">3</a></sup></p>
<p>There is much more to see at Umm Qays if you have time. Entrance fees for the site are included in the <a href="https://www.jordanpass.jo/">Jordan Pass</a>. I recommend visiting for a few hours in the morning and then staying for lunch at the <a href="http://www.romero-jordan.com/um-qais.html">Romero Group&rsquo;s restaurant</a> to enjoy the view and the ambiance.</p>
<section class="footnotes" role="doc-endnotes">
<div class="footnotes" role="doc-endnotes">
<hr>
<ol>
<li id="fn:1" role="doc-endnote">
<p>Amal. (n.d.). <em>The Archaeology of Umm Qais: Historical Studies: Jordan Tours</em>. Retrieved April 18, 2020, from <a href="https://www.jordangrouptours.com/historical-studies/the-archaeology-of-umm-qais">https://www.jordangrouptours.com/historical-studies/the-archaeology-of-umm-qais</a>&#160;<a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-backref" role="doc-backlink">&#x21a9;&#xfe0e;</a></p>
<li id="fn:1">
<p>Amal. (n.d.). <em>The Archaeology of Umm Qais: Historical Studies: Jordan Tours</em>. Retrieved April 18, 2020, from <a href="https://www.jordangrouptours.com/historical-studies/the-archaeology-of-umm-qais">https://www.jordangrouptours.com/historical-studies/the-archaeology-of-umm-qais</a>&#160;<a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-backref" role="doc-backlink">&#x21a9;&#xfe0e;</a>&#160;<a href="#fnref1:1" class="footnote-backref" role="doc-backlink">&#x21a9;&#xfe0e;</a></p>
</li>
<li id="fn:2" role="doc-endnote">
<li id="fn:2">
<p>Vriezen, K., Wagner-Lux, U. and Dijkstra, J., 2015. <em>Gadara - Umm Qēs II: The Twin Churches on the Roman-Byzantine Terrace and Excavations in the Streets</em>. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.&#160;<a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-backref" role="doc-backlink">&#x21a9;&#xfe0e;</a></p>
</li>
<li id="fn:3" role="doc-endnote">
<p>Grabar, O. (2006). <em>The Dome of the Rock</em>. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.&#160;<a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-backref" role="doc-backlink">&#x21a9;&#xfe0e;</a></p>
<li id="fn:3">
<p>Grabar, O. (2006). <em>The Dome of the Rock</em>. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.&#160;<a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-backref" role="doc-backlink">&#x21a9;&#xfe0e;</a>&#160;<a href="#fnref1:3" class="footnote-backref" role="doc-backlink">&#x21a9;&#xfe0e;</a></p>
</li>
<li id="fn:4" role="doc-endnote">
<li id="fn:4">
<p>Donner, F. M. (2010). <em>Muhammad and the Believers: At the Origins of Islam</em>. Harvard University Press.&#160;<a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-backref" role="doc-backlink">&#x21a9;&#xfe0e;</a></p>
</li>
</ol>
</section>
</div>
<h4>Translations</h4>