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<h2 class="blog-post-title" dir="auto"><a href="https://picturingjordan.com/2020/01/iconic-roman-ruins-amman/">Iconic Roman Ruins in Amman</a></h2>
<h2 class="blog-post-title" dir="auto"><a href="http://localhost:1313/2020/01/iconic-roman-ruins-amman/">Iconic Roman Ruins in Amman</a></h2>
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<time datetime="2020-01-16T09:23:20+02:00">Thu Jan 16, 2020</time>
in
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<p>Jordan&rsquo;s location in the geographical &ldquo;near east&rdquo; has exposed it to dozens of civilizations over the course of history. In the last three thousand years alone the region has invariably fallen under the Persian, Greek, Nabataean, Roman, Byzantine, Arab, and Ottoman  empires, the legacies of which are often still visible today.</p>
<p>One prominent example of Amman&rsquo;s Roman legacy is the ruins of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_of_Hercules_(Amman)">Temple of Hercules</a> atop <em>Jabal Al-Qalʿa</em> — the &ldquo;hill of the castle&rdquo; (or citadel), one of the city&rsquo;s original seven hills. Towering above the bustling center of downtown Amman, these few surviving pillars are a literal icon of the city. From here you can also see other notable Roman-era sights such as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Theater_(Amman)">Theater</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odeon_theater_(Jordan)">Odeon</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphaeum_(Amman)">Nymphaeum</a>, as well as contemporary landmarks like the Abu Darwish mosque.</p>
<p>One prominent example of Amman&rsquo;s Roman legacy is the ruins of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_of_Hercules_%28Amman%29">Temple of Hercules</a> atop <em>Jabal Al-Qalʿa</em> — the &ldquo;hill of the castle&rdquo; (or citadel), one of the city&rsquo;s original seven hills. Towering above the bustling center of downtown Amman, these few surviving pillars are a literal icon of the city. From here you can also see other notable Roman-era sights such as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Theater_%28Amman%29">Theater</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odeon_theater_%28Jordan%29">Odeon</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphaeum_%28Amman%29">Nymphaeum</a>, as well as contemporary landmarks like the Abu Darwish mosque.</p>
<p>Other attractions at the citadel include partial remains of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umayyad_Palace">Umayyad Palace</a> and a museum exhibiting artifacts from human activity in the area where you can see tools, pottery, coins, etc dating back to the Iron, Bronze, and Neolithic ages.</p>
<p>I recommend visiting the citadel one hour before sunset when the light becomes a warm, golden orange color. Entrance to the citadel is included in the <a href="https://www.jordanpass.jo/">Jordan Pass</a>, so make sure to bring yours with you if you have one.</p>
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<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://picturingjordan.com/ar/2020/03/iconic-roman-ruins-amman/">ar: آثَارٌ رُومَانِيَّةٌ مميزة فِي عَمَّان</a>
<a href="http://localhost:1313/ar/2020/03/iconic-roman-ruins-amman/">ar: آثَارٌ رُومَانِيَّةٌ مميزة فِي عَمَّان</a>
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<a href="https://picturingjordan.com/fa/2020/03/iconic-roman-ruins-amman/">fa: ویران های نمادین رومی در اَمان</a>
<a href="http://localhost:1313/fa/2020/03/iconic-roman-ruins-amman/">fa: ویران های نمادین رومی در اَمان</a>
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<p dir="auto"><em>Picturing Jordan</em>, sharing Jordan with the world — one picture at a time. <a href="/about">Read more →</a></p>
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<h2 class="blog-post-title" dir="auto"><a href="https://picturingjordan.com/2020/04/gadaras-octagonal-martyrium/">Gadara&rsquo;s Octagonal Martyrium</a></h2>
<h2 class="blog-post-title" dir="auto"><a href="http://localhost:1313/2020/04/gadaras-octagonal-martyrium/">Gadara&rsquo;s Octagonal Martyrium</a></h2>
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<time datetime="2020-04-20T15:55:20+03:00">Mon Apr 20, 2020</time>
in
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'
src="https://picturingjordan.com/2020/04/gadaras-octagonal-martyrium/DSC_0488_huff8aa5895bea96743b27179bb809f0e2_1860045_800x0_resize_q75_box.JPG"
src="http://localhost:1313/2020/04/gadaras-octagonal-martyrium/DSC_0488_hu_28bcdaf5dbf70a1f.JPG"
/> <figcaption>
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<p>Nestled on a plateau in the northwestern corner of Jordan lay the ruins of the ancient city of <em>Gadara</em>. From this vantage point, just beyond the sleepy town of Umm Qays, you have a spectacular view of the Sea of Galilee (Lake Tiberias) and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Status_of_the_Golan_Heights">Israeli-occupied Syrian Golan Heights</a>. Like many other places in the region, Gadara appeared on the historical record after Alexander the Great&rsquo;s conquest of the Near East in 333 BCE.<sup id="fnref:1"><a href="#fn:1" class="footnote-ref" role="doc-noteref">1</a></sup> The city seems to have been mostly destroyed and subsequently abandoned after an earthquake in the eighth century.</p>
<p>Nevertheless, architectural remnants from the Late Antique period can now be seen thanks to excavation work done by Jordanian and German archaeologists after the site was re-discovered in the early twentieth century. Of all the ruins now unearthed, the octagonal <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martyrium_(architecture)">martyrium</a> is one of the most significant. About the large terrace where the martyrium is currently found, researchers<sup id="fnref:2"><a href="#fn:2" class="footnote-ref" role="doc-noteref">2</a></sup> say it was completely remodeled from a Roman forum basilica into a Byzantine ecclesiastical compound, with a centralized church, a basilica, and courtyards in the sixth century CE. Martyria such as this were once extremely common in the eastern Mediterranean, though few are still standing today. They were typically used to commemorate a person, a divinity, or an event.<sup id="fnref:3"><a href="#fn:3" class="footnote-ref" role="doc-noteref">3</a></sup></p>
<p>Nevertheless, architectural remnants from the Late Antique period can now be seen thanks to excavation work done by Jordanian and German archaeologists after the site was re-discovered in the early twentieth century. Of all the ruins now unearthed, the octagonal <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martyrium_%28architecture%29">martyrium</a> is one of the most significant. About the large terrace where the martyrium is currently found, researchers<sup id="fnref:2"><a href="#fn:2" class="footnote-ref" role="doc-noteref">2</a></sup> say it was completely remodeled from a Roman forum basilica into a Byzantine ecclesiastical compound, with a centralized church, a basilica, and courtyards in the sixth century CE. Martyria such as this were once extremely common in the eastern Mediterranean, though few are still standing today. They were typically used to commemorate a person, a divinity, or an event.<sup id="fnref:3"><a href="#fn:3" class="footnote-ref" role="doc-noteref">3</a></sup></p>
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https://picturingjordan.com/2020/04/gadaras-octagonal-martyrium/2017-01-17_092406_hu366047001d5971d725db57761765ab96_2116964_1500x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1500w,
http://localhost:1313/2020/04/gadaras-octagonal-martyrium/2017-01-17_092406_hu_4fac417492be1d94.jpg 1500w,
'
src="https://picturingjordan.com/2020/04/gadaras-octagonal-martyrium/2017-01-17_092406_hu366047001d5971d725db57761765ab96_2116964_800x0_resize_q75_box.jpg"
src="http://localhost:1313/2020/04/gadaras-octagonal-martyrium/2017-01-17_092406_hu_383717aab0f40f3e.jpg"
/> <figcaption>
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<a href="https://picturingjordan.com/ar/2021/09/gadaras-octagonal-martyrium/">ar: هَيْكَلُ الشَّهَادَةِ بالمَسِيحِيَّةِ مُثَمَّنُ الأَضْلاعِ فِي جَدَارا</a>
<a href="http://localhost:1313/ar/2021/09/gadaras-octagonal-martyrium/">ar: هَيْكَلُ الشَّهَادَةِ بالمَسِيحِيَّةِ مُثَمَّنُ الأَضْلاعِ فِي جَدَارا</a>
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<h4>About</h4>
<p dir="auto"><em>Picturing Jordan</em>, sharing Jordan with the world — one picture at a time. <a href="/about">Read more →</a></p>
<p dir="auto"><em>Picturing Jordan</em>, sharing Jordan with the world — one picture at a time. <a href="/about/">Read more →</a></p>
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