diff --git a/csv_metadata_quality/app.py b/csv_metadata_quality/app.py
index 5ab9eff..79f84be 100644
--- a/csv_metadata_quality/app.py
+++ b/csv_metadata_quality/app.py
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ def run(argv):
         # user should be careful to no include spaces here.
         exclude = args.exclude_fields.split(",")
     else:
-        exclude = list()
+        exclude = []
 
     # enable transparent request cache with thirty days expiry
     expire_after = timedelta(days=30)
diff --git a/csv_metadata_quality/check.py b/csv_metadata_quality/check.py
index f0ee2c1..1f416bc 100755
--- a/csv_metadata_quality/check.py
+++ b/csv_metadata_quality/check.py
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ def agrovoc(field, field_name, drop):
         return
 
     # Initialize an empty list to hold the validated AGROVOC values
-    values = list()
+    values = []
 
     # Try to split multi-value field on "||" separator
     for value in field.split("||"):
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ def duplicate_items(df):
 
     if items_count_unique < items_count_total:
         # Create a list to hold our items while we check for duplicates
-        items = list()
+        items = []
 
         for index, row in df.iterrows():
             item_title_type_date = f"{row[title_column_name]}{row[type_column_name]}{row[date_column_name]}"
@@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ def countries_match_regions(row, exclude):
         if row[region_column_name] is not None:
             regions = row[region_column_name].split("||")
         else:
-            regions = list()
+            regions = []
 
         for country in countries:
             # Look up the UN M.49 regions for this country code. CoCo seems to
diff --git a/csv_metadata_quality/experimental.py b/csv_metadata_quality/experimental.py
index 269d5f2..f9c32e8 100644
--- a/csv_metadata_quality/experimental.py
+++ b/csv_metadata_quality/experimental.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ def correct_language(row, exclude):
     # Initialize some variables at global scope so that we can set them in the
     # loop scope below and still be able to access them afterwards.
     language = ""
-    sample_strings = list()
+    sample_strings = []
     title = None
 
     # Iterate over the labels of the current row's values. Before we transposed
diff --git a/csv_metadata_quality/fix.py b/csv_metadata_quality/fix.py
index b4f9c4a..48675d1 100755
--- a/csv_metadata_quality/fix.py
+++ b/csv_metadata_quality/fix.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ def whitespace(field, field_name):
         return
 
     # Initialize an empty list to hold the cleaned values
-    values = list()
+    values = []
 
     # Try to split multi-value field on "||" separator
     for value in field.split("||"):
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ def separators(field, field_name):
         return
 
     # Initialize an empty list to hold the cleaned values
-    values = list()
+    values = []
 
     # Try to split multi-value field on "||" separator
     for value in field.split("||"):
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ def duplicates(field, field_name):
     values = field.split("||")
 
     # Initialize an empty list to hold the de-duplicated values
-    new_values = list()
+    new_values = []
 
     # Iterate over all values
     for value in values:
@@ -355,10 +355,10 @@ def countries_match_regions(row, exclude):
         if row[region_column_name] is not None:
             regions = row[region_column_name].split("||")
         else:
-            regions = list()
+            regions = []
 
         # An empty list for our regions so we can keep track for all countries
-        missing_regions = list()
+        missing_regions = []
 
         for country in countries:
             # Look up the UN M.49 regions for this country code. CoCo seems to