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The CORE developers responded to say they are looking into their bot not respecting our robots.txt
2017-11-02
Today there have been no hits by CORE and no alerts from Linode (coincidence?)
# grep -c &quot;CORE&quot; /var/log/nginx/access.log
0
Generate list of authors on CGSpace for Peter to go through and correct:
dspace=# \copy (select distinct text_value, count(*) as count from metadatavalue where metadata_field_id = (select metadata_field_id from metadatafieldregistry where element = &#39;contributor&#39; and qualifier = &#39;author&#39;) AND resource_type_id = 2 group by text_value order by count desc) to /tmp/authors.csv with csv;
COPY 54701
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The CORE developers responded to say they are looking into their bot not respecting our robots.txt
2017-11-02
Today there have been no hits by CORE and no alerts from Linode (coincidence?)
# grep -c &quot;CORE&quot; /var/log/nginx/access.log
0
Generate list of authors on CGSpace for Peter to go through and correct:
dspace=# \copy (select distinct text_value, count(*) as count from metadatavalue where metadata_field_id = (select metadata_field_id from metadatafieldregistry where element = &#39;contributor&#39; and qualifier = &#39;author&#39;) AND resource_type_id = 2 group by text_value order by count desc) to /tmp/authors.csv with csv;
COPY 54701
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<h1 class="blog-title"><a href="https://alanorth.github.io/cgspace-notes/" rel="home">CGSpace Notes</a></h1>
<p class="lead blog-description">Documenting day-to-day work on the <a href="https://cgspace.cgiar.org">CGSpace</a> repository.</p>
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<h2 class="blog-post-title"><a href="https://alanorth.github.io/cgspace-notes/2017-11/">November, 2017</a></h2>
<p class="blog-post-meta"><time datetime="2017-11-02T09:37:54&#43;02:00">Thu Nov 02, 2017</time> by Alan Orth in
<i class="fa fa-tag" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;<a href="/cgspace-notes/tags/notes" rel="tag">Notes</a>
</p>
</header>
<h2 id="2017-11-01">2017-11-01</h2>
<ul>
<li>The CORE developers responded to say they are looking into their bot not respecting our robots.txt</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="2017-11-02">2017-11-02</h2>
<ul>
<li>Today there have been no hits by CORE and no alerts from Linode (coincidence?)</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># grep -c &quot;CORE&quot; /var/log/nginx/access.log
0
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>Generate list of authors on CGSpace for Peter to go through and correct:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>dspace=# \copy (select distinct text_value, count(*) as count from metadatavalue where metadata_field_id = (select metadata_field_id from metadatafieldregistry where element = 'contributor' and qualifier = 'author') AND resource_type_id = 2 group by text_value order by count desc) to /tmp/authors.csv with csv;
COPY 54701
</code></pre>
<p></p>
<ul>
<li>Abenet asked if it would be possible to generate a report of items in Listing and Reports that had &ldquo;International Fund for Agricultural Development&rdquo; as the <em>only</em> investor</li>
<li>I opened a ticket with Atmire to ask if this was possible: <a href="https://tracker.atmire.com/tickets-cgiar-ilri/view-ticket?id=540">https://tracker.atmire.com/tickets-cgiar-ilri/view-ticket?id=540</a></li>
<li>Work on making the thumbnails in the item view clickable</li>
<li>Basically, once you read the METS XML for an item it becomes easy to trace the structure to find the bitstream link</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>//mets:fileSec/mets:fileGrp[@USE='CONTENT']/mets:file/mets:FLocat[@LOCTYPE='URL']/@xlink:href
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>METS XML is available for all items with this pattern: /metadata/handle/10568/95947/mets.xml</li>
<li>I whipped up a quick hack to print a clickable link with this URL on the thumbnail but it needs to check a few corner cases, like when there is a thumbnail but no content bitstream!</li>
<li>Help proof fifty-three CIAT records for Sisay: <a href="https://dspacetest.cgiar.org/handle/10568/95895">https://dspacetest.cgiar.org/handle/10568/95895</a></li>
<li>A handful of issues with <code>cg.place</code> using format like &ldquo;Lima, PE&rdquo; instead of &ldquo;Lima, Peru&rdquo;</li>
<li>Also, some dates like with completely invalid format like &ldquo;2010- 06&rdquo; and &ldquo;2011-3-28&rdquo;</li>
<li>I also collapsed some consecutive whitespace on a handful of fields</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="2017-11-03">2017-11-03</h2>
<ul>
<li>Atmire got back to us to say that they estimate it will take two days of labor to implement the change to Listings and Reports</li>
<li>I said I&rsquo;d ask Abenet if she wants that feature</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="2017-11-04">2017-11-04</h2>
<ul>
<li>I finished looking through Sisay&rsquo;s CIAT records for the &ldquo;Alianzas de Aprendizaje&rdquo; data</li>
<li>I corrected about half of the authors to standardize them</li>
<li>Linode emailed this morning to say that the CPU usage was high again, this time at 6:14AM</li>
<li>It&rsquo;s the first time in a few days that this has happened</li>
<li>I had a look to see what was going on, but it isn&rsquo;t the CORE bot:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># awk '{print $1}' /var/log/nginx/access.log | sort -n | uniq -c | sort -h | tail
306 68.180.229.31
323 61.148.244.116
414 66.249.66.91
507 40.77.167.16
618 157.55.39.161
652 207.46.13.103
666 157.55.39.254
1173 104.196.152.243
1737 66.249.66.90
23101 138.201.52.218
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>138.201.52.218 is from some Hetzner server, and I see it making 40,000 requests yesterday too, but none before that:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># zgrep -c 138.201.52.218 /var/log/nginx/access.log*
/var/log/nginx/access.log:24403
/var/log/nginx/access.log.1:45958
/var/log/nginx/access.log.2.gz:0
/var/log/nginx/access.log.3.gz:0
/var/log/nginx/access.log.4.gz:0
/var/log/nginx/access.log.5.gz:0
/var/log/nginx/access.log.6.gz:0
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>It&rsquo;s clearly a bot as it&rsquo;s making tens of thousands of requests, but it&rsquo;s using a &ldquo;normal&rdquo; user agent:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/41.0.2227.0 Safari/537.36
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>For now I don&rsquo;t know what this user is!</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="2017-11-05">2017-11-05</h2>
<ul>
<li>Peter asked if I could fix the appearance of &ldquo;International Livestock Research Institute&rdquo; in the author lookup during item submission</li>
<li>It looks to be just an issue with the user interface expecting authors to have both a first and last name:</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="/cgspace-notes/2017/11/author-lookup.png" alt="Author lookup" />
<img src="/cgspace-notes/2017/11/add-author.png" alt="Add author" /></p>
<ul>
<li>But in the database the authors are correct (none with weird <code>, /</code> characters):</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>dspace=# select distinct text_value, authority, confidence from metadatavalue value where resource_type_id=2 and metadata_field_id=3 and text_value like 'International Livestock Research Institute%';
text_value | authority | confidence
--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+------------
International Livestock Research Institute | 8f3865dc-d056-4aec-90b7-77f49ab4735c | 0
International Livestock Research Institute | f4db1627-47cd-4699-b394-bab7eba6dadc | 0
International Livestock Research Institute | | -1
International Livestock Research Institute | 8f3865dc-d056-4aec-90b7-77f49ab4735c | 600
International Livestock Research Institute | f4db1627-47cd-4699-b394-bab7eba6dadc | -1
International Livestock Research Institute | | 600
International Livestock Research Institute | 8f3865dc-d056-4aec-90b7-77f49ab4735c | -1
International Livestock Research Institute | 8f3865dc-d056-4aec-90b7-77f49ab4735c | 500
(8 rows)
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>So I&rsquo;m not sure if this is just a graphical glitch or if editors have to edit this metadata field prior to approval</li>
<li>Looking at monitoring Tomcat&rsquo;s JVM heap with Prometheus, it looks like we need to use JMX + <a href="https://github.com/prometheus/jmx_exporter">jmx_exporter</a></li>
<li>This guide shows how to <a href="https://geekflare.com/enable-jmx-tomcat-to-monitor-administer/">enable JMX in Tomcat</a> by modifying <code>CATALINA_OPTS</code></li>
<li>I was able to successfully connect to my local Tomcat with jconsole!</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="2017-11-07">2017-11-07</h2>
<ul>
<li>CGSpace when down and up a few times this morning, first around 3AM, then around 7</li>
<li>Tsega had to restart Tomcat 7 to fix it temporarily</li>
<li>I will start by looking at bot usage (access.log.1 includes usage until 6AM today):</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># cat /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | awk '{print $1}' | sort -n | uniq -c | sort -h | tail
619 65.49.68.184
840 65.49.68.199
924 66.249.66.91
1131 68.180.229.254
1583 66.249.66.90
1953 207.46.13.103
1999 207.46.13.80
2021 157.55.39.161
2034 207.46.13.36
4681 104.196.152.243
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>104.196.152.243 seems to be a top scraper for a few weeks now:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># zgrep -c 104.196.152.243 /var/log/nginx/access.log*
/var/log/nginx/access.log:336
/var/log/nginx/access.log.1:4681
/var/log/nginx/access.log.2.gz:3531
/var/log/nginx/access.log.3.gz:3532
/var/log/nginx/access.log.4.gz:5786
/var/log/nginx/access.log.5.gz:8542
/var/log/nginx/access.log.6.gz:6988
/var/log/nginx/access.log.7.gz:7517
/var/log/nginx/access.log.8.gz:7211
/var/log/nginx/access.log.9.gz:2763
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>This user is responsible for hundreds and sometimes thousands of Tomcat sessions:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>$ grep 104.196.152.243 dspace.log.2017-11-07 | grep -o -E 'session_id=[A-Z0-9]{32}' | sort -n | uniq | wc -l
954
$ grep 104.196.152.243 dspace.log.2017-11-03 | grep -o -E 'session_id=[A-Z0-9]{32}' | sort -n | uniq | wc -l
6199
$ grep 104.196.152.243 dspace.log.2017-11-01 | grep -o -E 'session_id=[A-Z0-9]{32}' | sort -n | uniq | wc -l
7051
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>The worst thing is that this user never specifies a user agent string so we can&rsquo;t lump it in with the other bots using the Tomcat Session Crawler Manager Valve</li>
<li>They don&rsquo;t request dynamic URLs like &ldquo;/discover&rdquo; but they seem to be fetching handles from XMLUI instead of REST (and some with <code>//handle</code>, note the regex below):</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># grep -c 104.196.152.243 /var/log/nginx/access.log.1
4681
# grep 104.196.152.243 /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | grep -c -P 'GET //?handle'
4618
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>I just realized that <code>ciat.cgiar.org</code> points to 104.196.152.243, so I should contact Leroy from CIAT to see if we can change their scraping behavior</li>
<li>The next IP (207.46.13.36) seem to be Microsoft&rsquo;s bingbot, but all its requests specify the &ldquo;bingbot&rdquo; user agent and there are no requests for dynamic URLs that are forbidden, like &ldquo;/discover&rdquo;:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>$ grep -c 207.46.13.36 /var/log/nginx/access.log.1
2034
# grep 207.46.13.36 /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | grep -c &quot;GET /discover&quot;
0
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>The next IP (157.55.39.161) also seems to be bingbot, and none of its requests are for URLs forbidden by robots.txt either:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># grep 157.55.39.161 /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | grep -c &quot;GET /discover&quot;
0
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>The next few seem to be bingbot as well, and they declare a proper user agent and do not request dynamic URLs like &ldquo;/discover&rdquo;:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># grep -c -E '207.46.13.[0-9]{2,3}' /var/log/nginx/access.log.1
5997
# grep -E '207.46.13.[0-9]{2,3}' /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | grep -c &quot;bingbot&quot;
5988
# grep -E '207.46.13.[0-9]{2,3}' /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | grep -c &quot;GET /discover&quot;
0
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>The next few seem to be Googlebot, and they declare a proper user agent and do not request dynamic URLs like &ldquo;/discover&rdquo;:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># grep -c -E '66.249.66.[0-9]{2,3}' /var/log/nginx/access.log.1
3048
# grep -E '66.249.66.[0-9]{2,3}' /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | grep -c Google
3048
# grep -E '66.249.66.[0-9]{2,3}' /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | grep -c &quot;GET /discover&quot;
0
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>The next seems to be Yahoo, which declares a proper user agent and does not request dynamic URLs like &ldquo;/discover&rdquo;:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># grep -c 68.180.229.254 /var/log/nginx/access.log.1
1131
# grep 68.180.229.254 /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | grep -c &quot;GET /discover&quot;
0
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>The last of the top ten IPs seems to be some bot with a weird user agent, but they are not behaving too well:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># grep -c -E '65.49.68.[0-9]{3}' /var/log/nginx/access.log.1
2950
# grep -E '65.49.68.[0-9]{3}' /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | grep -c &quot;GET /discover&quot;
330
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>Their user agents vary, ie:
<ul>
<li><code>Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/61.0.3163.100 Safari/537.36</code></li>
<li><code>Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.97 Safari/537.11</code></li>
<li><code>Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)</code></li>
</ul></li>
<li>I&rsquo;ll just keep an eye on that one for now, as it only made a few hundred requests to dynamic discovery URLs</li>
<li>While it&rsquo;s not in the top ten, Baidu is one bot that seems to not give a fuck:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># grep -c Baiduspider /var/log/nginx/access.log.1
8068
# grep Baiduspider /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | grep -c -E &quot;GET /(browse|discover)&quot;
1431
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>According to their documentation their bot <a href="http://www.baidu.com/search/robots_english.html">respects <code>robots.txt</code></a>, but I don&rsquo;t see this being the case</li>
<li>I think I will end up blocking Baidu as well&hellip;</li>
<li>Next is for me to look and see what was happening specifically at 3AM and 7AM when the server crashed</li>
<li>I should look in nginx access.log, rest.log, oai.log, and DSpace&rsquo;s dspace.log.2017-11-07</li>
<li>Here are the top IPs making requests to XMLUI from 2 to 8 AM:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># cat /var/log/nginx/access.log /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | grep -E '07/Nov/2017:0[2-8]' | awk '{print $1}' | sort -n | uniq -c | sort -h | tail
279 66.249.66.91
373 65.49.68.199
446 68.180.229.254
470 104.196.152.243
470 197.210.168.174
598 207.46.13.103
603 157.55.39.161
637 207.46.13.80
703 207.46.13.36
724 66.249.66.90
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>Of those, most are Google, Bing, Yahoo, etc, except 63.143.42.244 and 63.143.42.242 which are Uptime Robot</li>
<li>Here are the top IPs making requests to REST from 2 to 8 AM:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># cat /var/log/nginx/rest.log /var/log/nginx/rest.log.1 | grep -E '07/Nov/2017:0[2-8]' | awk '{print $1}' | sort -n | uniq -c | sort -h | tail
8 207.241.229.237
10 66.249.66.90
16 104.196.152.243
25 41.60.238.61
26 157.55.39.161
27 207.46.13.103
27 207.46.13.80
31 207.46.13.36
1498 50.116.102.77
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>The OAI requests during that same time period are nothing to worry about:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># cat /var/log/nginx/oai.log /var/log/nginx/oai.log.1 | grep -E '07/Nov/2017:0[2-8]' | awk '{print $1}' | sort -n | uniq -c | sort -h | tail
1 66.249.66.92
4 66.249.66.90
6 68.180.229.254
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>The top IPs from dspace.log during the 2–8 AM period:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>$ grep -E '2017-11-07 0[2-8]' dspace.log.2017-11-07 | grep -o -E 'ip_addr=[0-9.]+' | sort -n | uniq -c | sort -h | tail
143 ip_addr=213.55.99.121
181 ip_addr=66.249.66.91
223 ip_addr=157.55.39.161
248 ip_addr=207.46.13.80
251 ip_addr=207.46.13.103
291 ip_addr=207.46.13.36
297 ip_addr=197.210.168.174
312 ip_addr=65.49.68.199
462 ip_addr=104.196.152.243
488 ip_addr=66.249.66.90
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>These aren&rsquo;t actually very interesting, as the top few are Google, CIAT, Bingbot, and a few other unknown scrapers</li>
<li>The number of requests isn&rsquo;t even that high to be honest</li>
<li>As I was looking at these logs I noticed another heavy user (124.17.34.59) that was not active during this time period, but made many requests today alone:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># zgrep -c 124.17.34.59 /var/log/nginx/access.log*
/var/log/nginx/access.log:22581
/var/log/nginx/access.log.1:0
/var/log/nginx/access.log.2.gz:14
/var/log/nginx/access.log.3.gz:0
/var/log/nginx/access.log.4.gz:0
/var/log/nginx/access.log.5.gz:3
/var/log/nginx/access.log.6.gz:0
/var/log/nginx/access.log.7.gz:0
/var/log/nginx/access.log.8.gz:0
/var/log/nginx/access.log.9.gz:1
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>The whois data shows the IP is from China, but the user agent doesn&rsquo;t really give any clues:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># grep 124.17.34.59 /var/log/nginx/access.log | awk -F'&quot; ' '{print $3}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -h
210 &quot;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/61.0.3163.100 Safari/537.36&quot;
22610 &quot;Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.2; Win64; x64; Trident/7.0; LCTE)&quot;
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>A Google search for &ldquo;LCTE bot&rdquo; doesn&rsquo;t return anything interesting, but this <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/42500881/what-is-lcte-in-user-agent">Stack Overflow discussion</a> references the lack of information</li>
<li>So basically after a few hours of looking at the log files I am not closer to understanding what is going on!</li>
<li>I do know that we want to block Baidu, though, as it does not respect <code>robots.txt</code></li>
<li>And as we speak Linode alerted that the outbound traffic rate is very high for the past two hours (about 12–14 hours)</li>
<li>At least for now it seems to be that new Chinese IP (124.17.34.59):</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># grep -E &quot;07/Nov/2017:1[234]:&quot; /var/log/nginx/access.log | awk '{print $1}' | sort -n | uniq -c | sort -h | tail
198 207.46.13.103
203 207.46.13.80
205 207.46.13.36
218 157.55.39.161
249 45.5.184.221
258 45.5.187.130
386 66.249.66.90
410 197.210.168.174
1896 104.196.152.243
11005 124.17.34.59
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>Seems 124.17.34.59 are really downloading all our PDFs, compared to the next top active IPs during this time!</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># grep -E &quot;07/Nov/2017:1[234]:&quot; /var/log/nginx/access.log | grep 124.17.34.59 | grep -c pdf
5948
# grep -E &quot;07/Nov/2017:1[234]:&quot; /var/log/nginx/access.log | grep 104.196.152.243 | grep -c pdf
0
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>About CIAT, I think I need to encourage them to specify a user agent string for their requests, because they are not reuising their Tomcat session and they are creating thousands of sessions per day</li>
<li>All CIAT requests vs unique ones:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>$ grep -Io -E 'session_id=[A-Z0-9]{32}:ip_addr=104.196.152.243' dspace.log.2017-11-07 | wc -l
3506
$ grep -Io -E 'session_id=[A-Z0-9]{32}:ip_addr=104.196.152.243' dspace.log.2017-11-07 | sort | uniq | wc -l
3506
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>I emailed CIAT about the session issue, user agent issue, and told them they should not scrape the HTML contents of communities, instead using the REST API</li>
<li>About Baidu, I found a link to their <a href="http://ziyuan.baidu.com/robots/">robots.txt tester tool</a></li>
<li>It seems like our robots.txt file is valid, and they claim to recognize that URLs like <code>/discover</code> should be forbidden (不允许, aka &ldquo;not allowed&rdquo;):</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="/cgspace-notes/2017/11/baidu-robotstxt.png" alt="Baidu robots.txt tester" /></p>
<ul>
<li>But they literally just made this request today:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>180.76.15.136 - - [07/Nov/2017:06:25:11 +0000] &quot;GET /discover?filtertype_0=crpsubject&amp;filter_relational_operator_0=equals&amp;filter_0=WATER%2C+LAND+AND+ECOSYSTEMS&amp;filtertype=subject&amp;filter_relational_operator=equals&amp;filter=WATER+RESOURCES HTTP/1.1&quot; 200 82265 &quot;-&quot; &quot;Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Baiduspider/2.0; +http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.html)&quot;
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>Along with another thousand or so requests to URLs that are forbidden in robots.txt today alone:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># grep -c Baiduspider /var/log/nginx/access.log
3806
# grep Baiduspider /var/log/nginx/access.log | grep -c -E &quot;GET /(browse|discover|search-filter)&quot;
1085
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>I will think about blocking their IPs but they have 164 of them!</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># grep &quot;Baiduspider/2.0&quot; /var/log/nginx/access.log | awk '{print $1}' | sort -n | uniq | wc -l
164
</code></pre>
<h2 id="2017-11-08">2017-11-08</h2>
<ul>
<li>Linode sent several alerts last night about CPU usage and outbound traffic rate at 6:13PM</li>
<li>Linode sent another alert about CPU usage in the morning at 6:12AM</li>
<li>Jesus, the new Chinese IP (124.17.34.59) has downloaded 24,000 PDFs in the last 24 hours:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># cat /var/log/nginx/access.log /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | grep -E &quot;0[78]/Nov/2017:&quot; | grep 124.17.34.59 | grep -v pdf.jpg | grep -c pdf
24981
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>This is about 20,000 Tomcat sessions:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>$ cat dspace.log.2017-11-07 dspace.log.2017-11-08 | grep -Io -E 'session_id=[A-Z0-9]{32}:ip_addr=124.17.34.59' | sort | uniq | wc -l
20733
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>I&rsquo;m getting really sick of this</li>
<li>Sisay re-uploaded the CIAT records that I had already corrected earlier this week, erasing all my corrections</li>
<li>I had to re-correct all the publishers, places, names, dates, etc and apply the changes on DSpace Test</li>
<li>Run system updates on DSpace Test and reboot the server</li>
<li>Magdalena had written to say that two of their Phase II project tags were missing on CGSpace, so I added them (<a href="https://github.com/ilri/DSpace/pull/346">#346</a>)</li>
<li>I figured out a way to use nginx&rsquo;s map function to assign a &ldquo;bot&rdquo; user agent to misbehaving clients who don&rsquo;t define a user agent</li>
<li>Most bots are automatically lumped into one generic session by <a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/config/valve.html#Crawler_Session_Manager_Valve">Tomcat&rsquo;s Crawler Session Manager Valve</a> but this only works if their user agent matches a pre-defined regular expression like <code>.*[bB]ot.*</code></li>
<li>Some clients send thousands of requests without a user agent which ends up creating thousands of Tomcat sessions, wasting precious memory, CPU, and database resources in the process</li>
<li>Basically, we modify the nginx config to add a mapping with a modified user agent <code>$ua</code>:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>map $remote_addr $ua {
# 2017-11-08 Random Chinese host grabbing 20,000 PDFs
124.17.34.59 'ChineseBot';
default $http_user_agent;
}
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>If the client&rsquo;s address matches then the user agent is set, otherwise the default <code>$http_user_agent</code> variable is used</li>
<li>Then, in the server&rsquo;s <code>/</code> block we pass this header to Tomcat:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>proxy_pass http://tomcat_http;
proxy_set_header User-Agent $ua;
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>Note to self: the <code>$ua</code> variable won&rsquo;t show up in nginx access logs because the default <code>combined</code> log format doesn&rsquo;t show it, so don&rsquo;t run around pulling your hair out wondering with the modified user agents aren&rsquo;t showing in the logs!</li>
<li>If a client matching one of these IPs connects without a session, it will be assigned one by the Crawler Session Manager Valve</li>
<li>You can verify by cross referencing nginx&rsquo;s <code>access.log</code> and DSpace&rsquo;s <code>dspace.log.2017-11-08</code>, for example</li>
<li>I will deploy this on CGSpace later this week</li>
<li>I am interested to check how this affects the number of sessions used by the CIAT and Chinese bots (see above on <a href="#2017-11-07">2017-11-07</a> for example)</li>
<li>I merged the clickable thumbnails code to <code>5_x-prod</code> (<a href="https://github.com/ilri/DSpace/pull/347">#347</a>) and will deploy it later along with the new bot mapping stuff (and re-run the Asible <code>nginx</code> and <code>tomcat</code> tags)</li>
<li>I was thinking about Baidu again and decided to see how many requests they have versus Google to URL paths that are explicitly forbidden in <code>robots.txt</code>:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># zgrep Baiduspider /var/log/nginx/access.log* | grep -c -E &quot;GET /(browse|discover|search-filter)&quot;
22229
# zgrep Googlebot /var/log/nginx/access.log* | grep -c -E &quot;GET /(browse|discover|search-filter)&quot;
0
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>It seems that they rarely even bother checking <code>robots.txt</code>, but Google does multiple times per day!</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># zgrep Baiduspider /var/log/nginx/access.log* | grep -c robots.txt
14
# zgrep Googlebot /var/log/nginx/access.log* | grep -c robots.txt
1134
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>I have been looking for a reason to ban Baidu and this is definitely a good one</li>
<li>Disallowing <code>Baiduspider</code> in <code>robots.txt</code> probably won&rsquo;t work because this bot doesn&rsquo;t seem to respect the robot exclusion standard anyways!</li>
<li>I will whip up something in nginx later</li>
<li>Run system updates on CGSpace and reboot the server</li>
<li>Re-deploy latest <code>5_x-prod</code> branch on CGSpace and DSpace Test (includes the clickable thumbnails, CCAFS phase II project tags, and updated news text)</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="2017-11-09">2017-11-09</h2>
<ul>
<li>Awesome, it seems my bot mapping stuff in nginx actually reduced the number of Tomcat sessions used by the CIAT scraper today, total requests and unique sessions:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># cat /var/log/nginx/access.log /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 | grep '09/Nov/2017' | grep -c 104.196.152.243
8483
$ grep 104.196.152.243 dspace.log.2017-11-09 | grep -o -E 'session_id=[A-Z0-9]{32}' | sort -n | uniq | wc -l
223
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>Versus the same stats for yesterday and the day before:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code># zcat -f -- /var/log/nginx/access.log.1 /var/log/nginx/access.log.2.gz | grep '08/Nov/2017' | grep -c 104.196.152.243
10216
$ grep 104.196.152.243 dspace.log.2017-11-08 | grep -o -E 'session_id=[A-Z0-9]{32}' | sort -n | uniq | wc -l
2592
# zcat -f -- /var/log/nginx/access.log.2.gz /var/log/nginx/access.log.3.gz | grep '07/Nov/2017' | grep -c 104.196.152.243
8120
$ grep 104.196.152.243 dspace.log.2017-11-07 | grep -o -E 'session_id=[A-Z0-9]{32}' | sort -n | uniq | wc -l
3506
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>The number of sessions is over <em>ten times less</em>!</li>
<li>This gets me thinking, I wonder if I can use something like nginx&rsquo;s rate limiter to automatically change the user agent of clients who make too many requests</li>
<li>Perhaps using a combination of geo and map, like illustrated here: <a href="https://www.nginx.com/blog/rate-limiting-nginx/">https://www.nginx.com/blog/rate-limiting-nginx/</a></li>
</ul>
</article>
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<h4>Recent Posts</h4>
<ol class="list-unstyled">
<li><a href="/cgspace-notes/2017-11/">November, 2017</a></li>
<li><a href="/cgspace-notes/2017-10/">October, 2017</a></li>
<li><a href="/cgspace-notes/cgiar-library-migration/">CGIAR Library Migration</a></li>
<li><a href="/cgspace-notes/2017-09/">September, 2017</a></li>
<li><a href="/cgspace-notes/2017-08/">August, 2017</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://cgspace.cgiar.org">CGSpace</a></li>
<li><a href="https://dspacetest.cgiar.org">DSpace Test</a></li>
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